Among the EU Member States, Italy represents the most significant case of transition from an emigration to an immigration country. As in other Member States which are part of the so-called “Mediterranean model”, migration to Italy began to emerge in a context characterized by a negative demographic trend, a significant unemployment rate in large areas of the country, and the need for additional workforce but only in specific sectors (agriculture, family collaboration, building and certain industrial sectors), and usually in the form of irregular jobs.

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